Adna Telegraph

The Internet is one of the most transformative inventions in human history. It has reshaped the way we live, work, learn, and connect with one another. What began as a small network designed for academic and military communication has evolved into a global system that links billions of people and devices. Today, the Internet is not just a tool—it is the backbone of the modern world. The Birth of the Internet The story of the Internet begins in the 1960s, during the height of the Cold War. The United States government wanted a way to communicate securely, even if parts of its network were destroyed. In 1969, researchers at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) created ARPANET , the first network to use a method called packet switching , which broke data into small parts and sent them separately to their destination. From these early experiments, the foundation of the Internet was laid. By the 1980s, universities and research centers were connecting through networks, and in 19...

From the earliest mechanical calculators to today’s quantum processors, the history of computers is a fascinating journey of innovation, imagination, and relentless human curiosity. Each milestone along the way has shaped how we live, work, and connect. Let’s explore the most significant breakthroughs that defined the digital age. 1. The Birth of Calculation (17th – 19th Century) The roots of modern computing stretch back to the 1600s when inventors began creating mechanical devices to perform mathematical calculations. In 1642, Blaise Pascal designed the Pascaline , an early calculator capable of addition and subtraction. Later, in the 19th century, Charles Babbage envisioned the Analytical Engine — a mechanical general-purpose computer. Although it was never completed during his lifetime, Babbage’s design included key concepts such as input, processing, memory, and output — the same basic structure modern computers use today. Adding to this foundation, Ada Lovelace , Babbage’s ...

The internet has revolutionized the way we live, learn, and communicate. From online banking to social media, almost every aspect of modern life is now connected to the digital world. But while the internet offers countless benefits, it also comes with serious risks. Cybercrime, data breaches, identity theft, and misinformation are all real threats that can affect anyone. Therefore, understanding safety and security on the internet is not just an option—it’s a necessity. 1. Understanding Online Threats Before we can protect ourselves, it’s important to understand what dangers exist online. The most common internet threats include: Phishing Attacks: Cybercriminals send fake emails or messages that look legitimate to trick users into sharing sensitive information like passwords or credit card details. Malware: Short for “malicious software,” malware includes viruses, spyware, and ransomware designed to damage or steal data from computers and smartphones. Identity Theft: Ha...

In today’s digital era, operating systems (OS) are the invisible engines that power our devices — from smartphones and laptops to smart TVs and servers. They manage hardware, enable applications, and ensure seamless user experiences. While there are dozens of operating systems globally, only a few dominate the market. Let’s explore the top operating systems worldwide , their strengths, and how they continue to shape the modern digital landscape. 1. Microsoft Windows – The Global Leader Market Share: ~70% of desktop and laptop computers Founded by: Microsoft Corporation (First released in 1985) For decades, Microsoft Windows has been the undisputed king of personal computing. From the early Windows 95 to the latest Windows 11, it has remained the most widely used desktop operating system in the world. Windows is known for its user-friendly interface , broad compatibility , and powerful multitasking capabilities . It supports a wide range of applications — from simple office too...